Mann
Creek Software
|
Staffing Object-Oriented Projects
Staffing (assigning team members to the defined project
activities) and Roles:
- Administration: Individuals providing administrative
assistance to the project (typing, taking notes, setting up supplies,
setting up procedures, copying and distributing work procedures).
- Application Designer: Puts mechanisms in place
to ensure the physical system will provide the result that is
specified by the Business System Analyst. Ensures physical system
maps to logical business requirements. Specializes in the detailed
construction of systems and uses the environment to create machine
executable solutions.
- Application Developer: Assists with the construction
of systems by providing programming skills; performs detailed design,
codes classes and other modules, and executes unit tests.
- Application Metrics Analyst: Individual who provides
analysis and review of the design and procedural metrics.
- Architect: Responsible for the total information
architecture of a project or company. Coordinates subsequent
subprojects derived from the global information architecture and
ensures integrated functioning of the total architecture (company
and/or project).
- Assesment Leader: An individual who is not actively
involved with the day-to-day aspects of the project. At the Project
Manager's or the Integrated Project Management Team's request, this
individual is responsible for assembling and leading a team to assist
in: (a) providing independent assessment, advice and recommendations
during various phases of the project, and specifically at the various
Design Check Points (DCP), (b) insuring the quality standards, the
technical accuracy, and corporate compliancy, (c) assessing the
project's status and the associated risks.
- Assesment Team: A team who is not actively engaged in
the day-to-day aspects of the project. This team assists the
assessment leader in: (a) providing independent assessment, advice
and recommendations during various phases of the project, and
specifically at the various Design Check Points (DCP), (b) conducting
interviews with project team members, (c) reviewing the project
control files and documentation, (d) ensuring the quality standards,
technical accuracy and corporate compliancy, (e) assessing the
project's status and the associated risks.
- Auditor: Individual who audits all Information System
products and implemented systems. Ensures system security and
protects against deficiencies.
- Business Area Expert: Individual with expert knowledge
in a particular area of business who provides detailed business
information to the project, usually on a consulting basis, and expert
input to the Architect and the Business System Analyst when the
system is being specified. Typically comes from the organizations
represented by the Steering Committee members, and will often act as
the buffer between the project and the business.
- Business Systems Analyst: Responsible for the detailed
analysis of subsystems of the global architecture on a business
(logical) level. Uses skills similar to the Architect but operates in
the confines of the area allocated for the particular subsystem.
Requires in-depth knowledge of the method sets and supporting tools.
- Change Management Specialist: Iindividual who assesses
an organization's readiness for change and who provides
recommendations for incorporating change successfully into the
organization.
- Class Designer: Responsible for class design standards
(maintenance, performance, reusability, ...).
- Client Infrastructure Designer: Individual reporting
to the client (business) organization responsible for the application
environment below the application layer. Provides client with a
design that will support intended business functionality and provide
stable and adaptable architecture for growth and changes in
technology.
- Client Project Manager: An individual who is appointed
by the client and is responsible for obtaining client resources and
information when needed by the project team.
- Client Systems Manager: Individual reporting to the
client organization responsible for the systems that are developed
within the Information system department. The person manages the
production environment and accepts all maintenance and redevelopment
changes to systems. They manage the maintenance releases that go into
production.
- Client Vendor Contact: An individual who works for the
client's organization and who is responsible for obtaining
information from the vendor of products used by the client's
organization. There may be several client employees that act in this
role for different vendors.
- Customer: Individual representing the client who will
provide input when necessary to proposal activities. Has the ability
to make decisions and share information, on the client's behalf, with
the proposal team. May also be involved in Beta Testing.
- Data Administrator: Responsible for the most cost
effective organization and use of an enterprise's data resources.
Responsible for the design of the data model and definition of data.
- Database Administrator: Responsible for designing the
logical data model and the physical database and for developing the
application's database access standards. May also maintain the
database and make changes to its design to enhance performance.
- Database Specialist: Responsible for the physical
implementation and support of the database. May also install new
releases and make changes to improve performance and usability.
- Design Team Member: Individual who creates an
application environment below the application layer. Provides the
components that will support the intended business functionality and
provide a stable adaptable architecture for growth and change. May
suggest business advantage from new or currently unused technology.
Responsible for: (1) Developing solution architecture and ensuring
technical feasibility and integrity, (2) Providing specialty skills
and estimates, (3) Writing proposal or statement of work.
- Delivery Team Member: Develops and executes the
project management plan to meet the Customer's conditions of
satisfaction. Responsible for meeting the project milestones.
- Engagement Manager: An individual who is responsible
for assessing the quality of the work being performed on the project
and interfacing with the client at key milestone points. The
Engagement Manager verifies that starting criteria are satisfied at
key milestones before the project continues beyond the milestone.
- Executive Project Manager: Individual who manages all
project activity with the client or within an area. Client
relationship management is included in this role. The coordination of
all project managers at a site falls under this. Often responsible
for maintaining and building relationships on the Sponsor level.
- External Reviewer: An experiences and knowledgeable
application development and infrastructure individual who is not a
stakeholder involved with the project. This person is responsible for
reviewing the project and reporting on strengths and areas of
improvements.
- Facilitator: Leads a meeting or workshop and ensures
the objectives of the meeting are achieved within the scheduled time.
Should have experience in one or more of the project areas and have
good communication and meeting management skills.
- Financial Analyst: An individual responsible for (a)
capturing and analyzing the market financial data, (b) assessing the
market segment's financial performance, (c) analyzing the market
segment's business performance.
- Help Desk: A support group usually available over the
telephone. Support can be set up at different levels to provide
immediate response as well as the appropriate technical skills to
provide the help needed.
- Implementation Planner: An individual who has primary
responsibility for the estimation of costs, benefits, resources, and
schedule. The Implementation Planner also has shared responsibility
for partitioning with the RA Specialist and Analyst roles.
Qualifications for this role include expertise in building and using
estimating models. For instance, an individual in this role
recognizes and accounts for the effects of: (a) schedule compression
on project cost and quality, (b) resource constraints on project cost
and schedule, (c) scope creep on cost and schedule. This role exists
to ensure that unreasonable assumptions and infeasible solutions are
not included in the estimates. The Implementation Planner role is
distinct from the Analyst role, which has responsibility for various
kinds of data collection, such as conducting surveys and/or focus
groups. It is also distinct from the Project Manager role, which has
responsibility for execution of the current project. Neither Analysts
nor Project Managers have the level of estimating expertise required
by the Implementation Planner role.
- Industry Solution Specialist: Individual who provides
expert knowledge in a particular field. It is generally used to
provide a wider sphere of experience and to support the Business Area
Expert. The role is usually filled on a consulting basis.
- Information Developer: Responsible for developing
and/or editing all the system user, maintenance and operational
documentation.
- Information Planner: Analyzes user documentation
requirements, specifies user documentation design, plans and
facilitates user documentation inspections and tests.
- Infrastructure Developer: Individual who assists with
the defiition and design of the infrastructure. This individual will
be knowledgeable on subjects dealing with the centralization and
distribution of data and application processes. Will be able to
discuss presentation, placement, performance, availability, security,
and systems management.
- Infrastructure Designer: Individual who creates an
application environment below the application layer. Provides
components that will support the intended business functionality and
provide a stable adaptable architecture for growth and change. May
suggest business advantage for new or currently unused technology.
- Infrastructure Metrics Analyst: Specialist in the
analyses of infrastructure data. The metrics to be analyzed include
results detailing system performance in the areas of system volume
and capacity, performance, availability, security, systems management
and implementation.
- Infrastructure Specialist: Individual who has a
particular area of expertise within the infrastructure environment.
May be obtained from outside the environment (e.g. suppliers,
consultants). The specialist normally performs support role to
project members.
- Installation Coordinator: Responsible for system
integration. Assures that all technical requirements are in place to
support systems. May be involved in developing installation plans,
procedures, testing environment and data, system level configuration
management, testing facilities, and testing deficiency management
from integration of the various products.
- Instructor: Individual skilled in training techniques
and knowledgeable in the topic subject matter. Conducts classes that
teach participants in the subject matter.
- Integrated Product Management Team: Cross-functional
team comprised of senior executives who are responsible for the
on-going business investment decisions in selected market segments
based on growth, profitability, resource availability and risk. They
provide the go or no-go at the Decision Check Points and the release
of resources to the Solution Development Team, also known as the
Product Development Team (PDT).
- Key People: Personnel in the business organization who
are responsible for creating, enabling, implementing and accepting
the changes the project is to bring about. Could be supported by
other roles, depending on the size of the project, and could be both
technical and non-technical, and be inside or outside of the project.
- Legacy System Specialist: Individual who has a
particular area of expertise within the infrastructure environment.
May be from outside the business organization / project. Normally
performs a support role to project members.
- Modeler: Instrumental in the development of the
Subject Area Model, Functional Model, Entity Model, Process Model,
Activity Model, and/or Object Models. Skills required include an
in-depth knowledge of the techniques for modeling and CASE tool(s)
that support the modeling techniques. Knowledge of the Enterprise
and/or Business Areas under construction is helpful.
- Network Specialist: Individual providing networking
services and responsible for design and development of network
solutions to the assurance of multi-vendor, multi-protocol complex
network environments. Activities include support for the
installation, configuration, customization, and maintenance of
networking tools, software, and service applications.
- Opportunity Owner: Responsible for assessing
opportunities and determining whether provider will bid manage the
opportunity from qualification through implementation. Represents the
provider to the Customer for the life cycle of a selected
opportunity. Is responsible for: (1) Customer satisfaction, profit,
morale, and quality, (2) Executing entire solution definition and
design process, (3) Assuring quality of process and solution, (4)
Managing interfaces with other processes or functions, (5) Delegating
tasks as necessary, (6) Performing roles of Proposal Team Leader on
less complex opportunities.
- Package Specialist: Individual having full knowledge
of a technology component, including its internal and external
operation requirements and full functional capabilities. Serves in a
support role for project members who are or will be using tools.
- Platform Specialist: Individual having specific
knowledge of platform considerations relating to transaction-based
systems, database oriented systems, and operating systems. Activities
include planning, designing, converting and migrating (releasing) of
systems. Other activities include systems programming, systems
connectivity, interface coding, systems integration, performance and
tuning, capacity planning and problem determination.
- Practitioner: Generic term used to describe anyone
fulfilling one or more project roles (a project management role, a
business role, an application role, an infrastructure role, ...).
- Pricer: An individual responsible for analyzing the
business plan, the financial assessment and the competition, as well
as recommending the Solution and Services pricing structure.
- Process Leader: Has responsibilities for an instance
of a (business) process. Similar to a Project Manager (Leader).
- Process Operator: An individual working to perform a
process. Each individual may take part in one or several (business)
processes.
- Process Owner: Has the responsibility for a (business)
process. Responsibility entails defining the (business) process,
determining the interface(s) to the (business) process, defining the
goals of the (business) process, planning the budget, appointing
process leaders, allocating resources, and developing the (business)
process itself.
- Project Controller: Individual who controls the
project information for the project manager and keeps the project
running in the project managers absence. Responsibilities include
tracking the project plans, risks, issues and changes; filing and
managing access to proposal documentation, maintaining contract
files, invoicing clients, and ordering products and services.
- Project Leader: Individual who is responsible for a
group of people and work on a day-to-day basis. Primarily assists the
"workers" on the project, acting as a guiding force. Has technical
ability in the area under question and would be expected to perform
some of the work should it be required.
- Project Leader (Test): An individual who is
responsible for a group of testers. This person plans and carries out
the physical testing of the system through a test team in conjunction
with the business and technical project members. If it is a smaller
project, this role can be played by a Project Leader or a Sub-Project
Manager.
- Project Management: Generic catagory for a class of
roles, responsible for planning, organizing, directing and managing
the day-to-day activities of a project and for achieving the project
objectives (project manager, project (team) leader, sub-project
manager, project controller, ...).
- Project Manager: Responsible for planning, organizing,
directing and managing the day-to-day activities of a project, and
for delivering the project objectives to the Sponsor and Steering
Committee.
- Project Manager (Business): This individual is usually
the lead for the Phase 0 - Concept phase and transitions out to
another project manager for the rest of the phases. This individual
is responsible for working with the solution manager to assemble and
present the Concept Decision Checkpoint packages and recommendations
to the IPMT (Integrated Product Management Team) for investment
decisions and reviews.
- Project Test Leader: Individual who is responsible for
a group of testers. Plans and carries out the physical testing of the
system through a test team in conjunction with the business and
technical project members. If a smaller project, this role can be
playes by a Project Leader or a Sub-Project Manager.
- Proposal Team Leader: Responsible for the development
and delivery of the accepted proposal that best meets the Customer's
needs, including: (1) Developing the proposal plan, (2) Executing and
managing the proposal plan, including resources, time schedules, and
coordinating proposal documents, (3) Determining solution components,
milestones, solution deliverables, dslivery schedules, terms and
conditions, and financial alternatives.
- Prototype Developer: Individual responsible for
selecting proper prototyping tools and quickly developing prototypes
in a structured manner. Should: (1) Have sufficient knowledge of what
can and can not be done with prototyping tools, (2) Know the
difference between prototypes and final products, (3) Know the
prototyping problems when defining usability and operability
requirements, (4) Know the problems in converting a prototype into a
development process, (5) Adequately understand and analyze client
requirements, (6) have good communication skills.
- Quality Assurer: Qualified professional who is not
actively involved in the transaction being processed. May assemble a
team for assistance. Responsible for: (1) Providing independent
assessment, advice, and approval during various stages of the
solution design and development process; solution design, proposal
preparation, project management plan, milestones, solution delivery,
and any changes that may occur during these stages, (2) Assessing,
advising and approving content, quality, commitment, technical
accuracy, and risk to ensure that both the Customer's and the
provider's business requirements are met, (3) Ensures that quality
standards are met.
- Reengineering Team: Persons involved in the reverse
engineering of an existing process followed by forward engineering of
the new process.
- Resource Owner: Owns resources in a business. Makes
sure all owned resources are allocated, resolves owned resource
conflicts, and recruits and establishes development plans for each
owned human resource.
- Reuse Library Manager: Responsible for content and
processes affecting repository of reusable assets. Ensures overall
integrity of library contents.
- Scribe: Individual who documents all models during
Facilitated sessions. Responsible for complete and accurate
documentation of the information system. Generally accomplished by
using the methoology and capturing and managing all models on a CASE
tool. Required pre- and post-development and implementation.
Versioning is an important part of this role. Is a passive
participant during sessions but acts as a backup the Facilitator
before, during and after the sessions.
- Service Provider: Selected to provide various services
required to support the solution and services offering. Tasks can
include, but are not limited to: (a) help desk support, (b) network
access, (c) site hosting with system installation and management.
Responsible for upholding the contract or Document of Understanding
(DOU) obligations.
- Segment Manager: An individual responsible for
understanding the dynamics of the market segment, the customers, and
competition therein, and act as the business manager for that
segment. Responsible for: (a) defining the segmentation framework of
the marketplace, (b) developing the portfolio model's criteria and
weights, (c) prioritizing the market segments, (d) developing and
maintaining the market segment's strategy and plans, (e) analyzing
the segment performance and recommending corrective actions. Also
responsible for supporting the solution manager in providing guidance
and direction of approach regarding market segmentation.
- Solution Assurer: An individual who ensures the
availability, reliability and maintainability of the system after
release. This is done by developing standards for development
(methodology), for the operation of Information Systems, and for
auditing. Also ensures conformance to specifications.
- Solution Development Team: Also known as the Product
Development Team (PDT), this team is responsible for planning and
executing specific solution and service offerings within a market
segment portfolio. It is comprised of representatives that mirror the
cross-functional make-up of the Integrated Product Management Team
(IPMT) and is led by a Project Manager. The SDT actively manages all
phases, from concept evaluation and plan development to execution and
end-of-life. The SDT also performs process effectiveness and
efficiency measurements, analyzes the data and implements recommended
process improvements. All members of the SDT are jointly responsible
for the team's results.
- Solution Manager: An individual responsible for owning
the business entity portfolio. The solution manager establishes the
business entity vision, missions and goals for the alignment of the
market business plans within the business entity, and establishes the
performance of the portfolio. The solution manager is measured on
revenue, profit and client satisfaction.
- Sponsor: A senior executive of the business who is the
principle project stakeholder, and who has made the commitment and
has the authority to resolve major project issues, approve project
expenditures, plans and organization and who is ultimately
responsible for delivering the business objective to the enterprise.
- Sub-Contractor Representative: This individual is the
focal point for vendors who are selected as providers of various
services required to support the development and delivery of the
solution and services offering. The services can include, but are not
limited to: (a) help desk support, (b) software development, (c)
on-site and temporary resources, (d) information development, (e)
course development. The subcontractor representative is responsible
for upholding the contract obligations.
- Sub-Project Manager: Individual responsible for the
day-to-day management and delivery of a component of the solution.
Reports to the Project Manager.
- Technical Specialist: Individual who has a complete
knowledge of the specific technical area, such as platforms,
networks, and applications. Technical Specialists may often have
titles such as Database Administrator or LAN Administrator.
- Team Leader: Responsible for a group of people and
work on a day-to-day basis. Primarily assists the "workers" on the
project, acting as a guiding force. Has technical ability in the area
under question and would be expected to perform some of the work
should it be required.
- Test Analyst: Individual who sets up and reviews the
tests.
- Tester: Individual who ensures that what was initially
intended by the system is achieved. This is done through planning and
carrying out the physical testing of the system, and in conjunction
with the business and technical project members.
- Tester (Business): Responsible for identifying and
documenting requirements and analyzing these requirements from a
business perspective. Participates in engagement teams, solutions and
proposal reviews, and the development of test cases. May also
participate in the functional testing activities.
- Tester (Technical): Responsible for the integration
and testing of all hardware and software products of the system
solution. Develops appropriate plans, procedures, and the testing
environment and data, system-level configuration management, testing
facilities management, and testing deficiency management.
- Testing Coordinator: An individual who coordinates the
planning and execution of the testing activities both on-site and
off-site.
- Tools Specialist: Individual having specific knowledge
of the tools used in building systems and applications. These tools
can be in the form of hardware or software and can support any number
of development activities. Knowledge should include tools to support
development, testing and code generation.
- Training Specialist: Analyzes user training
requirements, designs and develops user training courseware and
training evaluation materials, conducts pilot training, and trains
Instructors.
- Usability Expert: A human factors expert who provides
guidance as well as reviews project deliverables to ensure that they
meet usability standards (CUA, SAA).
- User: An employee of client who will ultimately use
the system. This includes hands-on users and their managers.
- User Coordinator: An individual responsible for
scheduling access to the Business Area Experts who provide subject
matter expertise to the project.
- Vendor: Supplier of Application packages, other
software packages or operational support. Responsible for upholding
contract obligations, providing general support for the package, and
supplying upgrades with supporting documentation. May be a separate
company or an organization within the Enterprise.
R Hoffman,
mann
creek software, reh@manncreek.com
, last updated 9/98.